升级Linux内核而不安装grub依赖项？
我在已经使用rEFInd进行引导的系统中安装了Ubuntu 16.04。 安装完成后，我删除了所有与grub相关的包。 但是，每次发布新的内核时，它都会尝试安装一些我不需要的grub依赖项，因为我没有安装grub。 这是我正在使用的命令：
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade ... Fetched 306 kB in 0s (350 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following packages have been kept back: linux-headers-generic linux-signed-generic linux-signed-image-generic 所以在那之后我尝试使用dist-upgrade ：
$ sudo apt-get dist-upgradeReading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: grub-common grub-gfxpayload-lists grub-pc grub-pc-bin grub2-common linux-headers-4.4.0-72 linux-headers-4.4.0-72-generic linux-image-4.4.0-72-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-72-generic linux-signed-image-4.4.0-72-generic os-prober The following packages will be upgraded: linux-headers-generic linux-signed-generic linux-signed-image-generic 3 upgraded, 11 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 71.8 MB/71.8 MB of archives. After this operation, 314 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] n Abort.
我之后尝试升级并删除了grub包，但是，在配置和安装grub-pc时，包管理器失败了，就像在这个线程中一样 。
有没有办法在不安装grub依赖项的情况下升级内核？
检查linux-headers-generic ， linux-signed-generic和linux-signed-image-generic的依赖项后。 我看到他们都不依赖于grub 。 因此，使用apt-mark忽略所有与grub相关的包的简单方法为我解决了这个问题：
$ sudo apt-mark hold grub* grub*:i386
dist-upgrade现在忽略了grub。