在ubuntu 16.04上安装Netgen 5.3.1时出错
任何人都可以帮助解决我在安装Netgen 5.3.1时收到的make error 。 NETGEN是一款自动三维四面体网格生成器。 错误消息摘要是：
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status Makefile:414: recipe for target 'netgen' failed make[2]: *** [netgen] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1/ng' Makefile:354: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1' Makefile:285: recipe for target 'all' failed make: *** [all] Error 2
Netgen mesher安装说明是@Netgen Mesh Generator wiki
configure的输出和make的结束：
bjd@brendan:~/netgen-5.3.1$ ls aclocal.m4 config.sub install-sh mkinstalldirs ar-lib configure libsrc NEWS AUTHORS configure.ac ltmain.sh ng ChangeLog depcomp m4 nglib config.guess doc Makefile.am TODO config.h.in INSTALL Makefile.in tutorials config.log installing netgen-5.3.1 notes.txt missing windows bjd@brendan:~/netgen-5.3.1$ ./configure --with-sysroot=/usr/lib/ --with-tcl=/usr/lib/tcl8.5/ --with-tk=/usr/lib/tk8.5/ --with-togl=/usr/lib/ --with-metis=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ --enable-nglib checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking for g++... g++ checking whether the C++ compiler works... yes checking for C++ compiler default output file name... a.out checking for suffix of executables... checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking dependency style of g++... gcc3 checking for g++ option to support OpenMP... -fopenmp checking for ar... ar checking the archiver (ar) interface... ar checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking how to print strings... printf checking for gcc... gcc checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3 checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E checking for fgrep... /bin/grep -F checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm checking whether ln -s works... yes checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1572864 checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu format... func_convert_file_noop checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r checking for objdump... objdump checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all checking for dlltool... no checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\n checking for archiver @FILE support... @ checking for strip... strip checking for ranlib... ranlib checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from gcc object... ok checking for sysroot... /usr/lib/ checking for mt... mt checking if mt is a manifest tool... no checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E checking for ANSI C header files... yes checking for sys/types.h... yes checking for sys/stat.h... yes checking for stdlib.h... yes checking for string.h... yes checking for memory.h... yes checking for strings.h... yes checking for inttypes.h... yes checking for stdint.h... yes checking for unistd.h... yes checking for dlfcn.h... yes checking for objdir... .libs checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC checking if gcc PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes checking if gcc static flag -static works... yes checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes checking whether to build shared libraries... yes checking whether to build static libraries... no checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... g++ -E checking for ld used by g++... /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64 checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) is GNU ld... yes checking whether the g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes checking for g++ option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC checking if g++ PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes checking if g++ static flag -static works... yes checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o... yes checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes checking whether the g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes checking dynamic linker characteristics... (cached) GNU/Linux ld.so checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate checking for correct TEA configuration... ok (TEA 3.9) configure: configuring netgen 5.3.1 checking for Tcl configuration... found /usr/lib/tcl8.5/tclConfig.sh checking for existence of /usr/lib/tcl8.5/tclConfig.sh... loading checking for Tk configuration... found /usr/lib/tk8.5/tkConfig.sh checking for existence of /usr/lib/tk8.5/tkConfig.sh... loading checking for Tcl public headers... /usr/include/tcl8.5 checking for Tk public headers... /usr/include/tcl8.5 checking GL/gl.h usability... yes checking GL/gl.h presence... yes checking for GL/gl.h... yes configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/csg/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/general/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/geom2d/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/gprim/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/include/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/interface/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/linalg/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/meshing/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/occ/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/stlgeom/Makefile config.status: creating libsrc/visualization/Makefile config.status: creating ng/Makefile config.status: creating nglib/Makefile config.status: creating tutorials/Makefile config.status: creating doc/Makefile config.status: creating windows/Makefile config.status: creating config.h config.status: executing depfiles commands config.status: executing libtool commands ------------------------------------------------------------------------ netgen 5.3.1: Automatic configuration OK. Enabled functionality: OCC: ............... false JPEGlib: ........... false FFMPEG: ............ false NGLIB: ............. true GUI: ............... true Building: Type 'make' to compile netgen. Type 'make install' to install netgen. Example programs will be built but not installed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ bjd@brendan:~/netgen-5.3.1$ make make all-recursive make[1]: Entering directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1' Making all in libsrc make[2]: Entering directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1/libsrc' Making all in general make[3]: Entering directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1/libsrc/general' /bin/bash ../../libtool --tag=CXX --mode=compile g++ -DHAVE_CONFIG_H ... ... I../libsrc/interface -DOPENGL -DTOGL_X11 -I"/usr/include/tcl8.5" -g -O2 -fopenmp -MT ngpkg.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/ngpkg.Tpo -c -o ngpkg.o ngpkg.cpp mv -f .deps/ngpkg.Tpo .deps/ngpkg.Po /bin/bash ../libtool --tag=CXX --mode=link g++ -g -O2 -fopenmp -export-dynamic -o netgen demoview.o ngappinit.o onetcl.o parallelfunc.o ngpkg.o ../libsrc/visualization/libvisual.la ../libsrc/csg/libcsgvis.la ../libsrc/csg/libcsg.la ../libsrc/interface/libinterface.la ../libsrc/meshing/libmesh.la -L/usr/lib/tk8.5/Togl1.7 -L/usr/lib/ -lTogl -lGLU -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -ltk8.5 -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -ltcl8.5 -lGL -lXmu -lX11 libtool: link: g++ -g -O2 -fopenmp -o .libs/netgen demoview.o ngappinit.o onetcl.o parallelfunc.o ngpkg.o -Wl,--export-dynamic ../libsrc/visualization/.libs/libvisual.a ../libsrc/csg/.libs/libcsgvis.so ../libsrc/csg/.libs/libcsg.so ../libsrc/interface/.libs/libinterface.so ../libsrc/meshing/.libs/libmesh.so -L/usr/lib/tk8.5/Togl1.7 -L/usr/lib/ -lTogl -lGLU -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -ltk8.5 -ltcl8.5 -lGL -lXmu -lX11 -fopenmp -Wl,-rpath -Wl,/opt/netgen/lib /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lXmu collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status Makefile:414: recipe for target 'netgen' failed make[2]: *** [netgen] Error 1 make[2]: Leaving directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1/ng' Makefile:354: recipe for target 'all-recursive' failed make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/bjd/netgen-5.3.1' Makefile:285: recipe for target 'all' failed make: *** [all] Error 2 bjd@brendan:~/netgen-5.3.1$
Netgen 4.9.13包装在Ubuntu 16.04 LTS中。
因此，更简单的方法是获得它的构建依赖性
sudo apt-get build-dep netgen
然后像你一样继续
tar -xf netgen-5.3.1.tar.gz cd netgen-5.3.1 ./configure --with-sysroot=/usr/lib/ --with-tcl=/usr/lib/tcl8.5/ --with-tk=/usr/lib/tk8.5/ --with-togl=/usr/lib/ --with-metis=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ --enable-nglib make -j5 sudo make install
NOrbert的上述答案解决了make的问题; 和sudo make install也一样。 sudo apt-get build-dep netgen需要在“Ubuntu软件”中选择“源代码” 。
事实certificate，Netgen代码中存在一个错误，可以在Ubuntu上解决@ “失败请求的主要操作码：155（GLX）”Netgen 5.3.1和Netgen 4.9.13 ：
因此，在第14行编辑文件/opt/netgen/bin/drawing.tcl ：
if {[catch {togl .ndraw -width 400 -height 300 -rgba true -double true -depth true -privatecmap false -stereo false -indirect true }] } { ....
将-indirect true更改为-indirect false
这需要访问具有权限的源代码，使用：
sudo nano /opt/netgen/bin/drawing.tcl
Netgen开始加载但需要更新某些软件包 ：
Netgen仍然没有在netgen &!命令行中运行netgen &! ，所以我发现netgen没有在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上启动，在目录中运行它：
/opt/netgen/bin使用./netgen 。 然后成功运行了Netgen！