如何在11.10中使用带密钥访问的ssh

我之前使用过ssh，从我的新asus k53by笔记本电脑进行密码访问，新的11.10安装到dev服务器工作正常。

我想设置密钥访问以增加安全性和易于编写脚本，我做了以下事情：

paul@paul-K53BY:~/.ssh$ ssh-keygen Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/paul/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/paul/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/paul/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: 7e:91:b2:2b:a9:bc:f8:11:d1:aa:ea:41:c5:1a:39:ff paul@paul-K53BY paul@paul-K53BY:~/.ssh$ ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub 10.1.1.28 paul@10.1.1.28's password: 

现在尝试登录到机器，使用“ssh ’10 .1.1.28’”，然后检入：

 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 

确保我们没有添加您不期望的额外密钥。

 paul@paul-K53BY:~/.ssh$ ssh 10.1.1.28 paul@10.1.1.28's password: 

• 一切似乎都有效，但我仍然需要使用密码。 我也想要一个方便的服务器句柄（没有DNS的麻烦）所以我设置〜/ .ssh / config如下：

   Host dev HostName 10.1.1.28 PasswordAuthentication no PubkeyAuthentication yes 

• ssh dev失败了：

   paul@paul-K53BY:~/.ssh$ ssh dev Permission denied (publickey,password). 

• 重新打开密码表明ssh dev仍能正常使用密码。

   paul@paul-K53BY:~/.ssh$ ssh -vvv dev OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1, OpenSSL 1.0.0e 6 Sep 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /home/paul/.ssh/config debug1: Applying options for dev debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 10.1.1.28 [10.1.1.28] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/home/paul/.ssh/id_rsa" as a RSA1 public key debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug3: key_read: missing whitespace debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug3: key_read: missing keytype debug1: identity file /home/paul/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: Checking blacklist file /usr/share/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: Checking blacklist file /etc/ssh/blacklist.RSA-2048 debug1: identity file /home/paul/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/paul/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/paul/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/paul/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/paul/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.3p1 Debian-3ubuntu7 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.8p1 Debian-7ubuntu1 debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "10.1.1.28" from file "/home/paul/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /home/paul/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: [e-mail],[e-mail],ssh-rsa debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: [e-mail],[e-mail],ssh-rsa,[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],[e-mail],ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail],zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,[e-mail] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,[e-mail],hmac-ripemd160,[e-mail],hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,[e-mail] debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-md5 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug2: dh_gen_key: priv key bits set: 123/256 debug2: bits set: 500/1024 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Server host key: RSA eb:f9:56:b8:ae:b0:de:27:92:06:8f:ac:c1:43:e4:64 debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "10.1.1.28" from file "/home/paul/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type RSA in file /home/paul/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host '10.1.1.28' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /home/paul/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug2: bits set: 511/1024 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /home/paul/.ssh/id_rsa (0xb9434eb0) debug2: key: /home/paul/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)) debug2: key: /home/paul/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil)) debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/paul/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Trying private key: /home/paul/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /home/paul/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Trying private key: /home/paul/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug3: no such identity: /home/paul/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,password). 

所有输出都告诉我一些事情，但我不确定是什么。 我做错了什么，为什么我不能通过键获得这个ssh工作？

这里似乎有很多关于11.10 ssh / key访问问题的问题，但我看不到任何可以在任何地方尝试解决这个问题的问题。

Answer 1

首先，

debug3：RSA1标识符不正确

debug3：无法加载“/home/paul/.ssh/id_rsa”作为RSA1公钥

debug2：key_type_from_name：未知密钥类型’—– BEGIN’

公钥不以’—– BEGIN’字开头。 这些是在私钥中找到的单词。

其次，你确定这有效吗？

paul @ paul-K53BY：〜/ .ssh $ ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub 10.1.1.28

尝试：

ssh-copy-id 10.1.1.28

（这将默认为〜/ .ssh / id_rsa.pub。我不确定是否需要完整路径）。

第三，您的服务器上的主文件夹是加密的吗？ 如果是，则需要物理登录服务器并始终保持此会话处于打开状态。 然后，当您从计算机ssh到服务器时，将自动使用ssh密钥