Windows 8不允许Ubuntu启动
脚本
最近我建立了自己的桌面，并决定安装第一个操作系统Windows 8（为什么我这样做…），因为我一直都有，Ubuntu和Windows，我虽然先安装Windows会更好，检查我的video卡正常工作，因为驱动程序在Windows中运行得更好。
问题
问题是当我在重新启动PC后安装Ubuntu时，我不会被提示选择操作系统，它只是启动Windows 8.然后我读到有关Windows 8的安装，发现它使用了UEFI启动，因为创建了一个分区通过Windows即EFI。
然后我尝试安装Ubuntu EFI，虽然我遇到了同样的情况。 之后我通过选择Windows创建为EFI分区的分区手动完成了最后一次尝试，尽管安装无法继续，因为它没有将EFI分区标识为EFI分区。
我想要的是
我想知道我是否删除了Windows创建的EFI分区，让Ubuntu在这个地方创建自己的EFI会有用吗？
但如果那是不可能的，我不再需要Windows 8，我会坚持使用7和Ubuntu，但由于我不太了解UEFI的东西，我想知道我是否只是为了制作一个备份分区我在NTFS系统中的重要文件并删除所有其余的，然后安装Ubuntu，在Windows 7之后它将工作。
因为我不知道UEFI BIOS中的Windows 8配置是否会在从HDD中删除后仍然存在，这将阻止我安装其他操作系统，然后我将完全没有计算机。
另外我想将Ubuntu和Windows 7作为EFI系统安装，如果可能的话，因为据我所知它可以提高安全性（如果我错了，请纠正我）并且我的主板不支持安全启动它有任何选择在BIOS中，我在Windows中运行了Confirm-SecureBootUEFI命令，返回我的系统不支持安全启动。
我的PC规格
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CORSAIR Vengeance LP 8GB（2 x 4GB）DDR3 1333（PC3 10666）（CML8GX3M2A1333C9）
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GIGABYTE Radeon HD 7970 3GB 384位GDDR5 PCI Express 3.0 x16（GV-R797OC-3GD）
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英特尔酷睿i5-3570 Ivy Bridge 3.4GHz（3.8GHz Turbo）LGA 1155 77W四核（BX80637I53570）
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GIGABYTE GA-B75M-D3H双UEFI LGA 1155 Intel B75 HDMI SATA 6Gb / s USB 3.0 Micro ATX（GA-B75M-D3H）
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希捷Barracuda 1TB 7200转32MB高速缓存SATA 6.0Gb / s 3.5“（ST31000524AS）
附加信息
正如用户Rod Smith所建议的那样，我在每日构建的实时usb中运行了Boot Info Script，文件RESULTS.txt的内容如下：
Boot Info Script 0.61 [1 April 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Windows is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. => Syslinux MBR (4.04 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /bootmgr /Boot/BCD sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /bootmgr /Windows/System32/winload.exe sda3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu 13.04 Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab sda4: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 4.04 2011-04-18 Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 1628296 of /dev/sdb1 for its second stage. SYSLINUX is installed in the directory. The integrity check of the ADV area failed. No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux/syslinux.cfg /efi/BOOT/grubx64.efi /ldlinux.sys ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders, total 1953525168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 2,048 718,847 716,800 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda2 718,848 921,599,999 920,881,152 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS /dev/sda3 921,600,000 1,945,693,749 1,024,093,750 83 Linux /dev/sda4 1,945,694,208 1,953,523,711 7,829,504 82 Linux swap / Solaris Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 4051 MB, 4051697152 bytes 125 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1021 cylinders, total 7913471 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 * 62 7,912,749 7,912,688 b W95 FAT32 "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 squashfs /dev/sda1 4664C9EB64C9DE35 ntfs Reservado pelo Sistema /dev/sda2 8A46D14C46D13A21 ntfs /dev/sda3 3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 ext4 /dev/sda4 d5f3ad90-fa34-4a62-9adc-efc3fdd3bfce swap /dev/sdb1 B656-E464 vfat MYLINUXLIVE ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sda2 /media/ubuntu/8A46D14C46D13A21 fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096) /dev/sdb1 /cdrom vfat (ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro) =========================== sda3/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ x"${feature_menuentry_id}" = xy ]; then menuentry_id_option="--id" else menuentry_id_option="" fi export menuentry_id_option if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { if [ x$feature_all_video_module = xy ]; then insmod all_video else insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod ieee1275_fb insmod vbe insmod vga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus fi } if [ x$feature_default_font_path = xy ] ; then font=unicode else insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos3 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos3 3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 fi font="/usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2" fi if loadfont $font ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm set locale_dir=$prefix/locale set lang=pt_BR insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="${1}" if [ "${1}" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ "${recordfail}" != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode menuentry 'Ubuntu' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-simple-3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos3 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos3 3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 fi linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-19-generic root=UUID=3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-19-generic } submenu 'Opções avançadas para Ubuntu' $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-advanced-3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09' { menuentry 'Ubuntu, com Linux 3.8.0-19-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.8.0-19-generic-advanced-3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09' { recordfail load_video gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos3 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos3 3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 fi echo 'Carregando Linux 3.8.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-19-generic root=UUID=3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff echo 'Carregando ramdisk inicial ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-19-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, com Linux 3.8.0-19-generic (modo de recuperação)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os $menuentry_id_option 'gnulinux-3.8.0-19-generic-recovery-3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09' { recordfail load_video insmod gzio insmod part_msdos insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos3' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos3 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos3 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos3 3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 fi echo 'Carregando Linux 3.8.0-19-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-19-generic root=UUID=3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Carregando ramdisk inicial ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-19-generic } } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### menuentry 'Windows 8 (loader) (em /dev/sda1)' --class windows --class os $menuentry_id_option 'osprober-chain-4664C9EB64C9DE35' { insmod part_msdos insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos1' if [ x$feature_platform_search_hint = xy ]; then search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root --hint-bios=hd0,msdos1 --hint-efi=hd0,msdos1 --hint-baremetal=ahci0,msdos1 4664C9EB64C9DE35 else search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 4664C9EB64C9DE35 fi drivemap -s (hd0) ${root} chainloader +1 } ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_uefi-firmware ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f ${config_directory}/custom.cfg ]; then source ${config_directory}/custom.cfg elif [ -z "${config_directory}" -a -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda3/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # # / was on /dev/sda3 during installation UUID=3372315d-d1df-4670-bcbb-4a4ab5548b09 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # swap was on /dev/sda4 during installation UUID=d5f3ad90-fa34-4a62-9adc-efc3fdd3bfce none swap sw 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda3: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) = boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 = boot/initrd.img-3.8.0-19-generic 1 = boot/vmlinuz-3.8.0-19-generic 1 = initrd.img 1 = vmlinuz 1 =========================== sdb1/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if loadfont /boot/grub/font.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod gfxterm terminal_output gfxterm fi set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray menuentry "Try Ubuntu without installing" { set gfxpayload=keep linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper quiet splash -- initrd /casper/initrd.lz } menuentry "Install Ubuntu" { set gfxpayload=keep linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash -- initrd /casper/initrd.lz } menuentry "OEM install (for manufacturers)" { set gfxpayload=keep linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity quiet splash oem-config/enable=true -- initrd /casper/initrd.lz } menuentry "Check disc for defects" { set gfxpayload=keep linux /casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper integrity-check quiet splash -- initrd /casper/initrd.lz } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ========================= sdb1/syslinux/syslinux.cfg: ========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # DI config version 2.0 include menu.cfg default vesamenu.c32 prompt 0 timeout 50 ui gfxboot bootlogo -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sdb1: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) ?? = ?? boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 ================= sdb1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux: ================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) ?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1 ?? = ?? syslinux/chain.c32 1 ?? = ?? syslinux/gfxboot.c32 1 ?? = ?? syslinux/syslinux.cfg 1 ?? = ?? syslinux/vesamenu.c32 1 ============== sdb1: Version of COM32(R) files used by Syslinux: =============== syslinux/chain.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx) syslinux/gfxboot.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx) syslinux/vesamenu.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx) =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in awk: cmd. line:36: Math support is not compiled in /home/ubuntu/Documents/bootinfoscript: line 1646: [: 2.73495e+09: integer expression expected No volume groups found
看起来您已经安装了Windows的BIOS模式 – 您的磁盘使用MBR方案进行分区，而不是按照EFI模式安装所需的GPT进行分区; 并且磁盘的MBR中有一个Windows引导加载程序的副本。 看起来你的Linux分区中有一个合理的grub.cfg文件，虽然我没有研究过它的每一行; 但看起来GRUB设置出了问题，因为硬盘的MBR中没有GRUB的痕迹。
机会是Ubuntu启动修复工具将能够让事情工作，虽然我不能保证。 如果你运行它并遇到问题，请回复，因为手动程序几乎肯定会有效。
它可能是由多种原因引起的，但绝对不是Windows 8，因为我同时使用Win8和Ubuntu 13.04
您的磁盘可能不好。 如果是这样，您需要将/ boot设置为单独的分区（/ dev / sda1）并将其放在磁盘的头部。
您可能无法安装grub。 如果是这样，在livecd中键入grub-install / dev / sda或在windows下尝试一个名为“easybcd”的软件。
如果您的mbr被Windows覆盖，您可以在livecd中尝试sudo -i mount / dev / sda [＃] / mnt grub-install –root-directory = / mnt / / dev / sda。 （/ dev / sda [＃]是你/目录所在的位置）
希望你能尽快解决问题。