如何在终端安装之前了解有关包的信息
我想知道如何在安装apt-get install之前获取有关终端软件包的信息，以便我可以根据描述决定是否安装它。
感谢致敬！
使用
apt-cache show PACKAGE
在安装后查看有关包的说明和其他一些信息
dpkg -L package_name
查看包中包含的文件。
对于类似的任务，包管理系统ATP（高级包工具）提供了几种解决方案（ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool ）。
apt-cache showpkg package_name
从这里开始描述https://linux.die.net/man/8/apt-cache
showpkg显示有关命令行中列出的软件包的信息。 包含名称的剩余参数。 列出了每个列出的软件包的可用版本和反向依赖性，以及每个版本的前向依赖性。 前向（正常）依赖关系是有问题的包依赖的包; 反向依赖性是依赖于所讨论的包的那些包。 因此，必须满足包的前向依赖性，但不需要反向依赖性。 例如，apt-cache showpkg libreadline2将产生类似于以下的输出
$ apt-cache showpkg javacc Package: javacc Versions: 5.0-5 (/var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.ru.debian.org_debian_dists_jessie_main_binary-amd64_Packages) (/var/lib/apt/lists/httpredir.debian.org_debian_dists_jessie_main_binary-am) Description Language: File: /var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.ru.debian.org_debian_dists_jessie_main_binary-amd64_Packages MD5: 61505d89a764133cbd782b370c93fe98 Description Language: en File: /var/lib/apt/lists/ftp.ru.debian.org_debian_dists_jessie_main_i18n_Translation-en MD5: 61505d89a764133cbd782b370c93fe98 Reverse Depends: ant-optional,javacc ant-optional,javacc libjavacc-maven-plugin-java,javacc javacc-doc,javacc ant-optional,javacc Dependencies: 5.0-5 - default-jre-headless (16 (null)) java1-runtime-headless (16 (null)) java2-runtime-headless (0 (null)) javacc-doc (0 (null)) Provides: 5.0-5 - Reverse Provides:
apt-cache show package_name
显示命名包的包记录。
$ apt-cache show javacc Package: javacc Version: 5.0-5 Installed-Size: 380 Maintainer: Debian Java Maintainers Architecture: all Depends: default-jre-headless | java1-runtime-headless | java2-runtime-headless Suggests: javacc-doc Description-en: Parser generator for use with Java Java Compiler-Compiler (JavaCC) is (according to sun) "the most popular parser generator" for use with Java [tm] applications. . A parser generator is a tool that reads a grammar specification and converts it to a Java program that can recognize matches to the grammar. In addition to the parser generator itself, JavaCC provides other standard capabilities related to parser generation such as tree building (via a tool called JJTree included with JavaCC), actions, debugging, etc. Description-md5: 61505d89a764133cbd782b370c93fe98 Homepage: http://javacc.java.net Tag: devel::code-generator, devel::lang:java, implemented-in::java, interface::commandline, role::program, scope::utility Section: java Priority: optional Filename: pool/main/j/javacc/javacc_5.0-5_all.deb Size: 284722 MD5sum: b1efd2defeba45cd97a48541235e6255 SHA1: c5e4b1991be06ec56e6d1a5b916c714068e5bf6b SHA256: 757f9566d488858285c23c2ac12e05168af38953cf034f6e44123c2a88cb7c83
apt-cache policy package_name
这是为了帮助调试与首选项文件相关的问题。 没有参数，它将打印出每个来源的优先级。 否则，它会打印出有关命名包的优先级选择的详细信息。
$ apt-cache policy javacc javacc: Installed: (none) Candidate: 5.0-5 Version table: 5.0-5 0 500 http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/ jessie/main amd64 Packages 500 http://httpredir.debian.org/debian/ jessie/main amd64 Packages
apt-cache madison package_name
apt-cache的madison命令试图模仿Debian档案管理工具麦迪逊的输出格式和function的子集。 它以表格格式显示包的可用版本。 与原始麦迪逊不同，它只能显示APT检索包列表（APT :: Architecture）的架构的信息。
$ apt-cache madison javacc javacc | 5.0-5 | http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/ jessie/main amd64 Packages javacc | 5.0-5 | http://httpredir.debian.org/debian/ jessie/main amd64 Packages javacc | 5.0-5 | http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/ jessie/main Sources
apt-cache showsrc package_name
显示与给定包名称匹配的所有源包记录。 显示所有版本，以及声明名称为二进制的所有记录。
$ apt-cache showsrc javacc Package: javacc Binary: javacc, javacc-doc Version: 5.0-5 Maintainer: Debian Java Maintainers Uploaders: Emmanuel Bourg Build-Depends: ant, debhelper (>= 7), cdbs (>= 0.4.5.3), default-jdk Build-Depends-Indep: ant-optional, libxalan2-java, docbook-to-man, junit, maven-repo-helper Architecture: all Standards-Version: 3.9.4 Format: 3.0 (quilt) Files: 6715506605c7a4e750309b7ef645ec86 1397 javacc_5.0-5.dsc edf47d357c6f36458474a1b537b88a12 711183 javacc_5.0.orig.tar.gz b3308a9aefeca4318a0838b2a3213cea 7893 javacc_5.0-5.debian.tar.gz Vcs-Browser: http://anonscm.debian.org/viewvc/pkg-java/trunk/javacc Vcs-Svn: svn://anonscm.debian.org/pkg-java/trunk/javacc Checksums-Sha1: f4a4ea175ce87af588c713eaab8caeaefc64183f 1397 javacc_5.0-5.dsc f6e12a183579a67528f351282251560faf4737db 711183 javacc_5.0.orig.tar.gz 4aebf3cadecd96f304f80786f07473574569dc02 7893 javacc_5.0-5.debian.tar.gz Checksums-Sha256: 4a61f89f984809964e3d63d159998ff29c951765a046ac87dca32b21eb54f99b 1397 javacc_5.0-5.dsc aab2c3e2f37648b9e708e6bad4c8b544cba63b66f1791907e6e3f89609b27150 711183 javacc_5.0.orig.tar.gz 66418d91dc6c6d45d941181d08150d272d3db57a944f3ce61847e5e1ec7c0659 7893 javacc_5.0-5.debian.tar.gz Homepage: http://javacc.java.net Package-List: javacc deb java optional javacc-doc deb doc optional Directory: pool/main/j/javacc Priority: source Section: java
apt-cache取决于package_name
显示包具有的每个依赖项的列表以及可以实现该依赖项的所有其他可能的包。
$ apt-cache depends javacc javacc |Depends: default-jre-headless |Depends: gcj-4.8-jre-headless gcj-4.9-jre-headless gcj-jre-headless Depends: default-jre-headless gcj-4.8-jre-headless gcj-4.9-jre-headless gcj-jre-headless openjdk-7-jre-headless openjdk-8-jre-headless Suggests: javacc-doc
测试环境
$ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Debian Description: Debian GNU/Linux 8.6 (jessie) Release: 8.6 Codename: jessie setivolkylany$/media/setivolkylany/WorkDisk/Private$ uname -a Linux localhost 3.16.0-4-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 3.16.36-1+deb8u2 (2016-10-19) x86_64 GNU/Linux
基于https://linux.die.net/man/8/apt-cache和http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/zesty/man8/apt-cache.8.html