USB Live Pen持久启动盘 – 在UEFI中
使用LTS Ubuntu版本16.04我一直在尝试分配所需的信息以允许UEFI持久启动，同时尝试扩展辅助casper-rw分区以满足我的3.0 USB 128GB闪存盘的全部容量。
因此，已经遵循了相应的步骤，现在它不会在Legacy中仅发布UEFI，但在重启后不会保持持久性。
对于成功完成此操作的人员的任何指导都将非常感激。
使持久性实时系统在UEFI和BIOS模式下启动
mkusb可以使用Ubuntu和Debian创建持久的实时系统（包括Ubuntu社区风格和基于Ubuntu和Debian的几个（但不是全部）发行版）。
可以使这些持久的实时系统在BIOS和UEFI模式下启动，包括64位和32位iso文件。
链接
help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb
help.ubuntu.com/community/mkusb/persistent
演示示例
我在USB 3 128 GB pendrive中制作了一个Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS持久性实时驱动器。 这个pendrive已经被大量使用，并且变得越来越慢，但它仍在运行。 （我想我很快就会“擦拭整个设备”，让它再次变快。）
这是’控制台输出’，
$ dus ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso dus 12.3.0 live system or temporary superuser permissions Drive that contains source file: /dev/sdc Live drive, that is booted from: /dev/sda Drive with a partition in fstab: /dev/sdb cands=1 sdd SanDisk_ExtremePro 119,2G usb USB or memory card p_target: target=/dev/sdd settings= percent=90 Prepare persistent live system from 'ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso' to the target device (drive) '/dev/sdd' MODEL NAME FSTYPE LABEL SIZE ExtremePro sdd iso9660 TinyCore 119,2G └─sdd1 iso9660 TinyCore 14M ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso /dev/sdd 90 settings= ----- live system or temporary superuser permissions ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso /dev/sdd 90 settings= source=ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso target=/dev/sdd percent=90 msdos=false upefi=false dni=false source=ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso ls -l ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso -rw-r--r-- 1 olle olle 1513308160 aug 30 2016 ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso --------------------------------------------------------------------------- start [dus-persistent 12.3.0] @ 2018-04-17 20:14:09 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Making a USB boot drive or memory card .......................... running operating system: ubuntu grub_n_iso "$source" "$target" "$result" grub_n_iso ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso /dev/sdd ***** tu=/dev/sdd **************************************************** selected target partition table: 'gpt' dus-persistent wants the program 'usb-pack-efi': wanted in order to install 'persistent live'. dus-persistent 12.3.0 wants usb-pack-efi but it is not installed. wanted in order to install 'persistent live'. mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS "Xenial Xerus" - Release amd64 mount: /dev/loop0 is write-protected, mounting read-only select_boot_system: usb-pack_efi is available select_boot_system: usb-pack_efi: using variable 'upefi=false' item 00 'ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso' is identified as the source ISO fileMODEL NAME FSTYPE LABEL MOUNTPOINT SIZE ExtremePro sdd iso9660 TinyCore 119,2G `-sdd1 iso9660 TinyCore 14MUsing the file '/usr/share/mkusb/grub.cfg' item 10 Clean for a GUID partition table GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.1 Partition table scan: MBR: MBR only BSD: not present APM: not present GPT: not present *************************************************************** Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions to GPT format! *************************************************************** Warning! Main partition table overlaps the first partition by 34 blocks! You will need to delete this partition or resize it in another utility. Command (? for help): This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR. Proceed? (Y/N): Command (? for help): Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!! Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdd. The operation has completed successfully. Wipe the first megabyte (mibibyte) to get a clean boot area 1024+0 records in 1024+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1,0 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 0,150058 s, 7,0 MB/s Wait 5 seconds and a little more ... item 20 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Selected percentage of remaining space for persistence = 90 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- partition 1 - ntfs 'usbdata' Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. partition 2 - bios_grub partition 3 - fat32 boot,efi partition 4 - iso9660 - cloned system partition 5 - ext4 - 'casper-rw' item 30 preparing /dev/sdd3 ------------------------------------------------ 1024+0 records in 1024+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1,0 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 0,135527 s, 7,7 MB/s umount: /dev/sdd3: not mounted mkfs.fat 3.0.28 (2015-05-16) /dev/sdd3 has 255 heads and 63 sectors per track, hidden sectors 0x1000; logical sector size is 512, using 0xf8 media descriptor, with 499712 sectors; drive number 0x80; filesystem has 2 32-bit FATs and 1 sector per cluster. FAT size is 3844 sectors, and provides 491992 clusters. There are 32 reserved sectors. Volume ID is 98e64270, no volume label. item 40 preparing /dev/sdd1 ------------------------------------------------ 1024+0 records in 1024+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1,0 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 0,0425365 s, 24,7 MB/s umount: /dev/sdd1: not mounted Cluster size has been automatically set to 4096 bytes. Creating NTFS volume structures. Creating root directory (mft record 5) Creating $MFT (mft record 0) Creating $MFTMirr (mft record 1) Creating $LogFile (mft record 2) Creating $AttrDef (mft record 4) Creating $Bitmap (mft record 6) Creating $Boot (mft record 7) Creating backup boot sector. Creating $Volume (mft record 3) Creating $BadClus (mft record 8) Creating $Secure (mft record 9) Creating $UpCase (mft record 0xa) Creating $Extend (mft record 11) Creating system file (mft record 0xc) Creating system file (mft record 0xd) Creating system file (mft record 0xe) Creating system file (mft record 0xf) Creating $Quota (mft record 24) Creating $ObjId (mft record 25) Creating $Reparse (mft record 26) Syncing root directory index record. Syncing $Bitmap. Syncing $MFT. Updating $MFTMirr. Syncing device. mkntfs completed successfully. Have a nice day. preparing /dev/sdd5 ------------------------------------------------ 1024+0 records in 1024+0 records out 1048576 bytes (1,0 MB, 1,0 MiB) copied, 0,306058 s, 3,4 MB/s umount: /dev/sdd5: not mounted mke2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) Creating filesystem with 27739265 4k blocks and 6938624 inodes Filesystem UUID: 8ab3dcb4-ef4e-4fce-a7a0-c30ff55e3556 Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872 Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): done Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done item 50 mount: /media/multimed-2/CD/ubuntu/16.04/ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso is already mounted fatlabel: warning - lowercase labels might not work properly with DOS or Windows tune2fs 1.42.13 (17-May-2015) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- source=ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso --------------------------------------------------------------------------- item 60 umount: /dev/sdd3: not mounted mount /dev/sdd3 /tmp/dus.9PLDBnyz6K /dev/sdd3 241M 512 241M 1% /tmp/dus.9PLDBnyz6K item 65 umount: /dev/sdd1: not mounted /dev/sdd1 12G 62M 12G 1% /tmp/dus.S1WqEpXLsT item 70 UEFI Bootloader: Installing for i386-pc platform. Installation finished. No error reported. item 80 64-bit bootloader: copy the boot files from the iso file looper=/tmp/dus.9TDw3CrMfL targ1=/tmp/dus.9PLDBnyz6K rsync: symlink "/tmp/dus.9PLDBnyz6K/ubuntu" -> "." failed: Operation not permitted (1) rsync: symlink "/tmp/dus.9PLDBnyz6K/dists/stable" -> "xenial" failed: Operation not permitted (1) rsync: symlink "/tmp/dus.9PLDBnyz6K/dists/unstable" -> "xenial" failed: Operation not permitted (1) rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1183) [sender=3.1.1] rsync: don't worry, symlink errors are *expected* because of the target file system. Using the file '/tmp/dus.9PLDBnyz6K/boot/grub/grub.cfg' set security upgrade action to 'Display immediately' umount: /dev/sdd4: not mounted --------------------------------------------------------------------------- do_n_show: < "ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso" pv -ni2 | dd of=/dev/sdd4 bs=4096 ( < "ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso" pv -ni2 | dd of=/dev/sdd4 bs=4096 && echo 'Done' > /dev/stderr ) 2>&1 || ( echo '# failed';sleep 1 ) Please wait for sync (flushing file system buffers to the device) until 'Done' is written ... 'pv %'; 'dd final output' 7 12 13 13 13 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 24 26 26 27 27 27 29 31 34 35 36 37 41 45 49 53 58 62 66 69 71 73 77 81 85 89 94 98 100 369460+0 poster in 369460+0 poster ut 1513308160 byte (1,5 GB, 1,4 GiB) kopierade, 88,7954 s, 17,0 MB/s Done do_n_show: Work done --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Syncing the target device ... item 90 Wait 5 seconds and a little more ...
parted -s "/dev/sdd" print Model: SanDisk ExtremePro (scsi) Disk /dev/sdd: 128GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 2 1049kB 2097kB 1049kB primary bios_grub 3 2097kB 258MB 256MB fat32 primary boot, esp 4 258MB 1791MB 1533MB primary 5 1791MB 115GB 114GB ext2 primary 1 115GB 128GB 12,6GB ntfs primary msftdata lsblk -o MODEL,NAME,FSTYPE,LABEL,MOUNTPOINT,SIZE "/dev/sdd" MODEL NAME FSTYPE LABEL MOUNTPOINT SIZE ExtremePro sdd 119,2G |-sdd1 ntfs usbdata 11,8G |-sdd2 1M |-sdd3 vfat usbboot 244M |-sdd4 iso9660 Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS amd64 1,4G `-sdd5 ext4 casper-rw 105,8GDone 🙂 The target device is ready to use. 'ubuntu-16.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso' was installed item 100 Cleanup after dus-persistent finished 🙂 Cleanup after dus-persistent finished 🙂 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total time used [by dus-persistent] = 204 s; 00:03:24 p_clean: live system or temporary superuser permissions clean if necessary and return $
Ubuntu的持久住在-BIOS-mode.png：
Ubuntu的持久住在-UEFI的mode.png：
