这个驱动器是故障还是其他什么？

我有一个一年的驱动器给我带来麻烦。 大约8-10GB的传输后，将数据复制到它失败。 它会自发地变为“只读”。 它是格式正确的ext4，我是主人。 在线搜索，看起来这是驱动器故障的症状。

我如何确认这一点，因为SMART测试另有说明？

我做了很明显的检查磁盘工具，并运行扩展的SMART测试。 Disk Utility的所有结果都是完美的。 读错误率和重新分配的扇区显示为零。

我猜这个磁盘坏了，SMART没有检测到它，虽然我不明白为什么。 我想确认问题是什么。

我对机器中的其他磁盘没有任何问题。

fstab文件：

proc / proc proc nodev，noexec，nosuid 0 0 UUID = 62e11126-3f06-43f0-bd5a-29b411bb8160 / ext4
errors = remount-ro 0 1
UUID = 5e2d6348-be6e-4d5d-8f7f-1a5c1cab7db2 / home ext4
默认值0 2 UUID = 97e594a3-c783-4c73-97c0-682afcdc88b6无交换sw 0 0
/ dev / disk / by-label / Media / media / Media ntfs-3g defaults，user，locale = en_GB.utf8 0 0

输出dmesg | less dmesg | less :(上面有数百个’Buffer I / O error’行）

 [22734.511487] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302203 [22734.511489] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302204 [22734.511490] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302205 [22734.511492] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302206 [22734.511494] Buffer I/O error on device sda1, logical block 302207 [22734.511496] EXT4-fs warning (device sda1): ext4_end_bio:251: I/O error writing to inode 9437465 (offset 4194304 size 524288 starting block 302215) [22734.511500] ata1: EH complete [22734.511616] EXT4-fs error (device sda1): ext4_journal_start_sb:327: Detected aborted journal [22734.511619] EXT4-fs (sda1): Remounting filesystem read-only [22734.519343] EXT4-fs error (device sda1) in ext4_da_writepages:2298: IO failure [22734.538566] EXT4-fs (sda1): ext4_da_writepages: jbd2_start: 601 pages, ino 9437474; err -30 [22734.560225] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x1 SErr 0x400100 action 0x6 frozen [22734.560253] ata1.00: irq_stat 0x08000000, interface fatal error [22734.560256] ata1: SError: { UnrecovData Handshk } [22734.560258] ata1.00: failed command: WRITE FPDMA QUEUED [22734.560262] ata1.00: cmd 61/00:00:3f:68:25/04:00:00:00:00/40 tag 0 ncq 524288 out [22734.560263] res 40/00:04:3f:68:25/00:00:00:00:00/40 Emask 0x10 (ATA bus error) [22734.560264] ata1.00: status: { DRDY } [22734.560268] ata1: hard resetting link [22735.047845] ata1: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 310) [22735.052069] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/33 [22735.067810] ata1: EH complete [22735.136249] ata1.00: exception Emask 0x10 SAct 0x3f SErr 0x400100 action 0x6 frozen 

fsck结果：

 tom@1204-Desktop:~$ sudo fsck /dev/sda1 [sudo] password for tom: fsck from util-linux 2.20.1 e2fsck 1.42 (29-Nov-2011) New_Volume: recovering journal New_Volume contains a file system with errors, check forced. Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information Free blocks count wrong (236669077, counted=236701938). Fix? yes Free inodes count wrong (61048336, counted=61048349). Fix? yes 

最后但并非最不重要的是读/写screengrab，这是新的。 它曾经在测试期间保持相当一致。

编辑 – 当我今天早上开机时，驱动器已从/ dev / sda更改为/ dev / sdc，这很奇怪。 我确定之前没有发生，我确定它是/ dev / sda。 我用一个已知良好的SATA电缆交换SATA电缆，并在大约10GB传输时看到同样的故障。 我还没有改变SATA端口，接下来我会尝试。 （编辑＃2，它是SATA端口，更改它修复了问题。将此标记为太局部化。）

输出sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda

 === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Western Digital Caviar Black Device Model: WDC WD1002FAEX-00Y9A0 Serial Number: WD-WCAW30776630 LU WWN Device Id: 5 0014ee 25acf2868 Firmware Version: 05.01D05 User Capacity: 1,000,204,886,016 bytes [1.00 TB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: 8 ATA Standard is: Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated Local Time is: Fri May 25 07:16:18 2012 BST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity was completed without error. Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled. Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: (16500) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 170) minutes. Conveyance self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 5) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x3035) SCT Status supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 0 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 176 173 021 Pre-fail Always - 4183 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 774 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 093 093 000 Old_age Always - 5518 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 772 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 39 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 736 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 118 111 000 Old_age Always - 29 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 5514 - SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1 SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS 1 0 0 Not_testing 2 0 0 Not_testing 3 0 0 Not_testing 4 0 0 Not_testing 5 0 0 Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0): After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay. 

Answer 1

我如何确认这一点，因为SMART测试另有说明？

SMART测试是“隔离的”，即一旦smartctl命令驱动器进行测试，驱动器将在内部处理所有内容，然后报告回来。 所以这可能不会揭示驱动器/控制器和主板之间的问题。

• 明显的推论是电缆不良，但磁盘实用程序图不支持; 读也应该受到影响。 仍然，交换电缆/ SATA端口，看看它是否有所作为。
• 使用smartctl -t long运行长自检; 在捕获模式中最快-C （卸载所有分区！），完成后，使用-l检查状态/错误（一旦检测到错误，测试将中止）
• 如果这样做，你还记得任何可能引发软件方面问题的事吗？ 内核升级/降级等？

• 最后，如果所有其他磁盘都没问题，这可能是驱动器写缓存控制器的一个奇怪的错误。 尽快备份数据和RMA。

  （在评论中发布任何问题，我会更新答案。祝你好运！）