Ubuntu中用户的默认组?
使用安装脚本和崩溃的东西安装了HP Linux Imaging and Printing 。 现在我只是我自己组的成员和lp
。
哪些是用户的默认组,例如Ubuntu 12.10? 和这个一样吗?
出于好奇,是否有记录此信息的地方? 例如,某些日志文件显示我的用户在之前启动时所在的组? 这些信息(哪些组是默认的)记录在某处?
A)简短的回答
默认组; 对于user123说,全新安装 – (使用终端中的命令groups
):
user123 adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare
从11.04开始给予差异
-
admin
被sudo
取代 -
dialout
被删除 -
dip
被添加。
获取/查看默认值。 可能也适用于其他各种人; 做:
sudo grep user-setup /var/log/installer/syslog
B)恢复默认组
(添加此项以使其更完整)
1.识别组
我总是设置root密码,但如果你没有使用live CD,就可以通过USB,其他安装等来获取文件。
如果您设置了root密码(通过ie):
sudo passwd root
并失去了sudo
权限:
su - root grep user-setup /var/log/installer/syslog
给你ie
... user-setup: pwconv: failed to change the mode of /etc/passwd- to 0600 ... user-setup: Shadow passwords are now on. ... user-setup: Adding user `user123' ... ... user-setup: Adding new group `user123' (1000) ... ... user-setup: Adding new user `user123' (1000) with group `user123' ... ... user-setup: Creating home directory `/home/user123' ... ... user-setup: Copying files from `/etc/skel' ... ... user-setup: addgroup: The group `lpadmin' already exists as a system group. Exiting. ... user-setup: Adding group `sambashare' (GID 124) ... ... user-setup: Done. ... user-setup: Adding user `user123' to group `adm' ... ... user-setup: Adding user user123 to group adm ... user-setup: Done. ... user-setup: Adding user `user123' to group `cdrom' ... ... user-setup: Adding user user123 to group cdrom ... user-setup: Done. ... user-setup: Adding user `user123' to group `dip' ... ... user-setup: Adding user user123 to group dip ... user-setup: Done. ... user-setup: Adding user `user123' to group `lpadmin' ... ... user-setup: Adding user user123 to group lpadmin ... user-setup: Done. ... user-setup: Adding user `user123' to group `plugdev' ... ... user-setup: Adding user user123 to group plugdev ... user-setup: Done. ... user-setup: Adding user `user123' to group `sambashare' ... ... user-setup: Adding user user123 to group sambashare ... user-setup: Done. ... user-setup: adduser: The group `debian-tor' does not exist. ... user-setup: Adding user `user123' to group `sudo' ... ... user-setup: Adding user user123 to group sudo ... user-setup: Done. ... ubiquity: Removing user-setup ... ... ubiquity: Purging configuration files for user-setup ...
要么:
su - root grep "user-setup: Adding user user123 to group" /var/log/installer/syslog | cut -d' ' -f11
产量:
adm cdrom dip lpadmin plugdev sambashare sudo
(不知道为什么dip
突然变成一个默认的安装组。与dialout
被删除有什么关系?)
2.a更新组 – 使用“内置”root访问权限
因此,以root身份向用户添加组,即用户user123
:
usermod -a -G adm,cdrom,lpadmin,sudo,sambashare,dip,plugdev user123
哪里( 12.10有些过时 ):
adm Monitor system logs cdrom Use CD-ROM drives lpadmin Configure printers sudo administer the system, ... sambashare Share files with the local network dip Connect to the Internet using a modem plugdev Access external storage devices
您可能需要的一些额外内容:(检查root@YOURPC:~# id -nG user123
拥有的root@YOURPC:~# id -nG user123
)
dialout ttyS*/Serial/COM1,COM2 ... vboxusers Virtual Box user123 Your own group
如果你想; 仔细检查/ etc / group,即(这里有一些额外的):
root@YOURPC:~# grep user123 /etc/group adm:x:4:user123 audio:x:29:user123,timidity,pulse video:x:44:user123 lp:x:7:user123 dialout:x:20:user123 cdrom:x:24:user123 sudo:x:27:user123 dip:x:30:user123 plugdev:x:46:user123 lpadmin:x:107:user123 user123:x:1000: sambashare:x:124:user123 vboxusers:x:127:user123 autologin:x:1001:user123
作为替代方案,可以启动到救援模式
mount -o remount,rw / usermod -G adm,cdrom,lpadmin,sudo,sambashare,dip,plugdev user123
注销并登录 。 组应该更新。
2.b更新组 – 使用Live-CD等的root访问权限
xxx
是运行实时版本(即/media/foo
时挂载文件系统的位置。
使用vigr手动编辑文件/xxx/etc/group
并按照上一个列表添加用户。
要么; 只添加用户到sudo; 如:
sudo:x:27:user123
通过使用sudo
执行usermod
命令,引导进入安装并进行更新:
sudo usermod -a -G adm,cdrom,lpadmin,sudo,sambashare,dip,plugdev user123
注销并登录 。 组应该更新。
Double注意: admin
不再是11.10的Ubuntu的一部分,而是支持sudo
。