Grub救援未知的文件系统……最终的绝望
我知道这个问题已被问了很多次，但在我的情况下，无论我做了什么，如下面的post所示（所有解决方案都已经尝试过）’未知文件系统’是最终答复..
Grub救援 – 错误：未知的文件系统
我也尝试了启动磁盘恢复的现场USB，它也无法识别我的设备分区，持有Ubuntu 12.04 x32（顺便说一句是sdb2）虽然它创建了下面附带的bootscript。
Boot Info Script e7fc706 + Boot-Repair extra info [Boot-Info 31Jan2013] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => Syslinux MBR (4.04 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. => Grub2 (v1.99) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb and looks at sector 1 of the same hard drive for core.img. core.img is at this location and looks for (,msdos2)/boot/grub on this drive. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: SYSLINUX 4.05 20120702 Boot sector info: Syslinux looks at sector 1030576 of /dev/sda1 for its second stage. SYSLINUX is installed in the directory. According to the info in the boot sector, sda1 starts at sector 0. But according to the info from fdisk, sda1 starts at sector 62. Operating System: Boot files: /syslinux/syslinux.cfg /ldlinux.sys sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: sdb2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' sdb3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Extended Partition Boot sector type: Unknown Boot sector info: sdb5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: Windows Vista: NTFS Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' mount: unknown filesystem type '' ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 4003 MB, 4003463168 bytes 124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1017 cylinders, total 7819264 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 * 62 7,818,695 7,818,634 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Drive: sdb _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sdb: 80.0 GB, 80026360832 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301486 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sdb1 2,048 2,000,895 1,998,848 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb2 * 2,000,896 58,644,479 56,643,584 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 58,646,526 156,301,311 97,654,786 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 58,646,528 156,301,311 97,654,784 7 NTFS / exFAT / HPFS "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/loop0 squashfs /dev/sda1 3273-D2BD vfat /dev/sdb1 19d35932-1dbf-4be0-83aa-3d76b646dd80 swap ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/loop0 /rofs squashfs (ro,noatime) /dev/sda1 /cdrom vfat (ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro) ========================= sda1/syslinux/syslinux.cfg: ========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # DI config version 2.0 include menu.cfg default vesamenu.c32 prompt 0 timeout 300 ui gfxboot bootlogo -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ================= sda1: Location of files loaded by Syslinux: ================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) ?? = ?? syslinux/syslinux.cfg 1 ?? = ?? ldlinux.sys 1 ?? = ?? syslinux/chain.c32 1 ?? = ?? syslinux/gfxboot.c32 1 ?? = ?? syslinux/vesamenu.c32 1 ============== sda1: Version of COM32(R) files used by Syslinux: =============== syslinux/chain.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx) syslinux/gfxboot.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx) syslinux/vesamenu.c32 : COM32R module (v4.xx) ======================== Unknown MBRs/Boot Sectors/etc: ======================== Unknown BootLoader on sdb3 00000000 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 |................| * 000001b0 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 d6 00 fe |................| 000001c0 ff ff 07 fe ff ff 02 00 00 00 00 18 d2 05 00 00 |................| 000001d0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 =============================== StdErr Messages: =============================== File descriptor 8 (/proc/2401/mounts) leaked on lvscan invocation. Parent PID 7264: bash No volume groups found ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : =================== log of boot-repair 2013-11-26__17h13 =================== boot-repair version : 3.198~ppa16~raring boot-sav version : 3.198~ppa16~raring glade2script version : 3.2.2~ppa45~raring boot-sav-extra version : 3.198~ppa16~raring File descriptor 8 (/proc/2401/mounts) leaked on lvs invocation. Parent PID 4002: /bin/sh No volume groups found boot-repair is executed in live-session (Boot-Repair-Disk 32bit 24avr2013, raring, Ubuntu, i686) ls: cannot access /home/usr/.config: No such file or directory CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit noprompt cdrom-detect/try-usb=true file=/cdrom/preseed/lubuntu.seed boot=casper initrd=/casper/initrd.lz quiet splash -- =================== os-prober: =================== blkid: /dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs" /dev/sda1: UUID="3273-D2BD" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sdb1: UUID="19d35932-1dbf-4be0-83aa-3d76b646dd80" TYPE="swap" =================== UEFI/Legacy mode: This live-session is not EFI-compatible. SecureBoot maybe enabled. =================== PARTITIONS & DISKS: =================== parted -l: Model: Kingston DT 101 G2 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 4003MB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 31.7kB 4003MB 4003MB primary fat32 boot, lba Model: Mass Storage Device (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 80.0GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 1024MB 1023MB primary linux-swap(v1) 2 1024MB 30.0GB 29.0GB primary boot 3 30.0GB 80.0GB 50.0GB extended 5 30.0GB 80.0GB 50.0GB logical ntfs =================== parted -lm: BYT; /dev/sda:4003MB:scsi:512:512:msdos:Kingston DT 101 G2; 1:31.7kB:4003MB:4003MB:fat32::boot, lba; BYT; /dev/sdb:80.0GB:scsi:512:512:msdos: Mass Storage Device; 1:1049kB:1024MB:1023MB:linux-swap(v1)::; 2:1024MB:30.0GB:29.0GB:::boot; 3:30.0GB:80.0GB:50.0GB:::; 5:30.0GB:80.0GB:50.0GB:ntfs::; =================== mount: /cow on / type overlayfs (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) /dev/sda1 on /cdrom type vfat (ro,noatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro) /dev/loop0 on /rofs type squashfs (ro,noatime) none on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) none on /run/user type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=104857600,mode=0755) gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/lubuntu/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=lubuntu) =================== ls: /sys/block/sda (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /sys/block/sdb (filtered): alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb5 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /dev (filtered): agpgart alarm ashmem autofs binder block bsg btrfs-control bus char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse fw0 hidraw0 hidraw1 hidraw2 hpet input kmsg kvm log mapper mcelog mem net network_latency network_throughput null oldmem port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sdb sdb1 sdb2 sdb3 sdb5 sg0 sg1 shm snapshot snd stderr stdin stdout uinput urandom usb v4l vga_arbiter vhost-net video0 zero ls /dev/mapper: control =================== df -Th: Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /cow overlayfs 1.5G 19M 1.5G 2% / udev devtmpfs 1.5G 12K 1.5G 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 300M 816K 299M 1% /run /dev/sda1 vfat 3.8G 496M 3.3G 14% /cdrom /dev/loop0 squashfs 431M 431M 0 100% /rofs none tmpfs 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs tmpfs 1.5G 8.0K 1.5G 1% /tmp none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none tmpfs 1.5G 0 1.5G 0% /run/shm none tmpfs 100M 12K 100M 1% /run/user =================== fdisk -l: Disk /dev/sda: 4003 MB, 4003463168 bytes 124 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1017 cylinders, total 7819264 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00011134 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 62 7818695 3909317 c W95 FAT32 (LBA) Disk /dev/sdb: 80.0 GB, 80026360832 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders, total 156301486 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x7add7add Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 2000895 999424 82 Linux swap / Solaris /dev/sdb2 * 2000896 58644479 28321792 83 Linux /dev/sdb3 58646526 156301311 48827393 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 58646528 156301311 48827392 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT Error: no partitions =================== Default settings Recommended-Repair This setting would reinstall the of . Additional repair would be performed: repair-filesystems =================== Settings chosen by the user Boot-Info This setting will not act on the MBR. No change has been performed on your computer. 当我将这个sdb（作为外部）附加到任何正在运行的操作系统后，观察结果如下：
在Linux Mint的gPArted：Partitions / sdb1（ext4）和/ sdb5（ntfs）都有感叹号！ （因此我的ntfs也以某种方式被破坏）
在Win7 / sdb5中也无法访问，而Windows提供我格式化使用它。 chkdsk无法访问此ntfs分区！
我已经测试了我的高清坏道，但它是健康的，为什么它不应该只是它的3个月左右。 现在我在过去的两天里尽我所能，但是现在我们寻求帮助
更新1我尝试过fsck.ext4 -v /dev/sdb2但是返回了错误的bad superblock错误。 使用mke2fs -n /dev/sdb2获取备份超级块的列表，最后在每个块号上执行e2fsck -b /dev/xxx但没有成功:(
以上方法的来源
更新2使用testdisk实用程序并执行深度搜索丢失的分区然后尝试list files每个找到的分区上的list files一些NTFS分区允许我输入它们但是没有文件只有“系统卷信息”的东西（我放入的一些文件）我/ dev / sd5应该在那里！）。 它显示高清结构存在，但我无法挂钩在Linux分区中， testdisk能够list files该特定分区的list files
更新3这是第3天仍然无法让它工作所以我正在写一个关于我的问题是如何真正开始的序幕…这80GB的驱动器虽然是我的内部PC驱动器但经常我也附加这个作为一个外接我的笔记本电脑。 驱动器工作正常约3个月。
在linux Mint（我的笔记本电脑）下，我在3天前（我经常这样做）将它作为外部USB驱动器连接。 在那里我将~16gb的数据传输到它的NTFS分区/ dev / sdb5。 它以约25mb / sec的速率顺利进行然后我（我总是这样做）通过上下文菜单“安全删除驱动器”发布并删除了驱动器（我认为这应该发生的事情）没什么特别的！ 但后来当我试图启动时，噩梦就开始了……
快速谷歌搜索后，我必须承认Linux也可能损坏您的Grub和所有即使驱动器没有正确卸载，这真是一个耻辱，因为在Windows中我只是在传输完成后拔出我的USB但在* nix我是确实发现，即使转移完成，你只需要驱动器就可以发现没有任何转移！ 如果你使用剪切/粘贴，运气不好
几个问题：
- Windows真的想要在主分区上，而不是扩展分区中的逻辑分区，这是应该有引导标志的分区，而不是linux分区，它不关心。 *哦它只是为了数据，没关系。
- 也许你真的没有sdb2上的文件系统。 一切似乎都表明了这一点。 所以只需在那里重新安装Ubuntu（修复Windows分区问题后）。
由于没有为分区列出blkids，因此恢复效果不佳。 我想你可以用dd检查分区，在分区上分布的位置一次抓取几个块，然后查找字符串，看看数据是否存在。 但如果它只是配置数据，绝对不值得努力。 对于更有价值的数据，如果通常的工具没有帮助，总是有暴力，dd整个分区，将其分成可管理的块，寻找感兴趣的字符串，然后用有趣的东西编辑块 – 一项艰巨的任务。