Studio 12.04上的OpenCV安装问题 – 破坏的依赖项
问题：
我正在尝试安装OpenCV（video分析）并遵循Ubuntu OpenCV安装文档 。
提供的脚本有一行执行了一段时间，带走了比我预期更多的包（如ubuntu-studiovideo）：
sudo apt-get -qq remove ffmpeg x264 libx264-dev 当脚本到达下面的行时，它会轰炸：
sudo apt-get -qq install libopencv-dev build-essential checkinstall cmake pkg-config yasm libtiff4-dev libjpeg-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libdc1394-22-dev libxine-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev python-dev python-numpy libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libgtk2.0-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils ffmpeg
错误消息是：
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
尝试的解决方案：
我首先运行Update-Manager，运行sudo apt-get update ，重新启动，尝试手动运行上面的脚本行，但仍然没有更改。
然后按照下面给出的答案：
- 如何在添加PPA后解决未满足的依赖关系？
我运行了sudo apt-get install -f ，似乎没有任何改变。 它确实提到了一些软件包不再需要，可以通过apt-get autoremove ，所以我跑了。 它删除了许多包，所以我重新上面的install命令。 保持破损包装的问题仍然存在。
然后我运行了sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade ，结果响应的一部分是：
The following packages have been kept back: gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
我不确定这意味着什么。 我知道它出现在我的Update-Manager中，无法检查。
然后我跑了
sudo dpkg --configure -a
然后重新开始
sudo apt-get -f install
虽然有这个非常有趣的评论，但包裹仍然没有升级;
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg : Depends: libavcodec53 (< 5:0) but it is not going to be installed or libavcodec-extra-53 (< 5:0) but 5:0.7.2-1ubuntu1+codecs1~oneiric2 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
然后我跑了
sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
它显示我有一个包裹，所以我跑了
sudo apt-get -o Debug::pkgProblemResolver=yes dist-upgrade
它也没有升级包退出，所以我跑了
sudo apt-get remove --dry-run gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg:i386
它给了我：
*The following packages will be REMOVED: arista gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Remv arista [0.9.7-3ubuntu1] Remv gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg [0.10.12-1ubuntu1]*
但是当我重新开始
sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
它显示包裹仍在那里。
*The following packages have been kept back: gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded.*
此后，进入Synaptic PM并完全移除了gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg 。
重新运行
sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
并被告知
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
但是，当我运行原始的apt-get命令来安装opencv（这个问题的顶部的第一个代码）时，它仍然给了我相同的破坏包错误。
所以我尝试过：
$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list # # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Studio 11.10 _Oneiric Ocelot_ - Release i386 (20111011.1)]/ oneiric main multiverse restricted universe # deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Studio 11.10 _Oneiric Ocelot_ - Release i386 (20111011.1)]/ oneiric main multiverse restricted universe # See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted ## NB software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise universe deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe ## NB software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse ## NB software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security main restricted deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security universe deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise-security multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner # deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu oneiric partner ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Ubuntu's ## 'extras' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party ## developers who want to ship their latest software. # deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu oneiric main # deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu oneiric main # deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/popinet/xUbuntu_11.04 ./ # disabled on upgrade to precise
之后，我跑了：
$ sudo apt-get check Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done
但是，还没有解决问题，因为当我尝试使用此命令运行OpenCV的安装时，我仍然得到相同的破坏包消息：
sudo apt-get -qq install libopencv-dev build-essential checkinstall cmake pkg-config yasm libtiff4-dev libjpeg-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libdc1394-22-dev libxine-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev python-dev python-numpy libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libgtk2.0-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils ffmpeg
然后我跑了：
$ sudo apt-get autoclean Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Del linux-generic 3.2.0.55.65 [1,714 B] Del linux-libc-dev 3.2.0-54.82 [858 kB] Del initramfs-tools-bin 0.99ubuntu13.2 [9,758 B] Del firefox-globalmenu 24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [8,958 B] Del apport 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.5 [147 kB] Del firefox-locale-en 24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [578 kB] Del thunderbird-locale-en-gb 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [14.0 kB] Del linux-libc-dev 3.2.0-55.85 [860 kB] Del thunderbird-globalmenu 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [8,782 B] Del apport-gtk 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.5 [9,200 B] Del thunderbird 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [29.3 MB] Del firefox 24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [28.1 MB] Del thunderbird-locale-en-us 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [14.0 kB] Del linux-image-generic 3.2.0.54.64 [2,262 B] Del linux-headers-generic 3.2.0.55.65 [2,244 B] Del linux-image-generic 3.2.0.55.65 [2,260 B] Del python-apport 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.5 [81.1 kB] Del initramfs-tools 0.99ubuntu13.2 [49.2 kB] Del linux-headers-generic 3.2.0.54.64 [2,258 B] Del linux-headers-lowlatency-pae 3.2.0.55.44 [2,256 B] Del linux-headers-lowlatency-pae 3.2.0.54.43 [2,250 B] Del thunderbird-locale-en 1:24.0+build1-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [342 kB] Del python-problem-report 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.5 [9,466 B] Del procps 1:3.2.8-11ubuntu6.2 [225 kB] Del linux-generic 3.2.0.54.64 [1,722 B]
但是当我运行OpenCV安装命令时，我仍然得到：
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
所以我几乎完全重新开始，这次在存储库中添加了对Precise的升级已禁用。
然后我重申以下命令：
$ sudo apt-get autoclean Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done $ sudo apt-get clean $ sudo apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following package was automatically installed and is no longer required: python-gudev Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. $ sudo apt-get autoremove Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: python-gudev 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not upgraded. After this operation, 106 kB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 614874 files and directories currently installed.) Removing python-gudev ... Processing triggers for python-support ... $ sudo dpkg --configure -a $ sudo apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. $ sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Calculating upgrade... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. $ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/* ### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ### # You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost. deb http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main ### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ### # You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost. deb http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main ### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ### # You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost. deb http://dl.google.com/linux/earth/deb/ stable main # deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise # deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu oneiric main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu oneiric main # deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise # deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/kxstudio-team/ppa/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise ## Please report any bug on https://bugs.launchpad.net/medibuntu/ # deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ precise free non-free #Medibuntu - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot" disabled on upgrade to precise # deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ oneiric free non-free #Medibuntu (source) - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot" ## Please report any bug on https://bugs.launchpad.net/medibuntu/ deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ oneiric free non-free #Medibuntu - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot" #deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ oneiric free non-free #Medibuntu (source) - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot" ## Please report any bug on https://bugs.launchpad.net/medibuntu/ # deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ precise free non-free #Medibuntu - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot" disabled on upgrade to precise # deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ oneiric free non-free #Medibuntu (source) - Ubuntu 11.10 "oneiric ocelot" # deb http://www.openfoam.org/download/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise deb http://www.openfoam.org/download/ubuntu oneiric main # deb http://www.openfoam.org/download/ubuntu precise main # disabled on upgrade to precise deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu precise main deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu precise main deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu precise main
结果：
但是当我尝试运行OpenCV安装命令时，我仍然遇到此错误：
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.
我还需要做什么？
升级到Ubuntu Studio 13.xx会解决这个问题（还是复合它）？
好的，我遇到了与你相同的问题（但是有另一个包）。 所以作为便宜的解决方案我而不是apt-get使用aptitude：
sudo apt-get install aptitude sudo aptitude install libopencv-dev build-essential checkinstall cmake pkg-config yasm libtiff4-dev libjpeg-dev libjasper-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libdc1394-22-dev libxine-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-dev libv4l-dev python-dev python-numpy libtbb-dev libqt4-dev libgtk2.0-dev libfaac-dev libmp3lame-dev libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev x264 v4l-utils ffmpeg
它将为您提供依赖关系的解决方案，在我的情况下：
The following actions will resolve these dependencies: Remove the following packages: 1) libcupsimage2-dev 2) libsane-dev 3) libtiff5-dev Keep the following packages at their current version: 4) libcv-dev [Not Installed] 5) libcvaux-dev [Not Installed] 6) libhighgui-dev [Not Installed] 7) libopencv-contrib-dev [Not Installed] 8) libopencv-dev [Not Installed] 9) libopencv-highgui-dev [Not Installed] 10) libopencv-legacy-dev [Not Installed] 11) libopencv-objdetect-dev [Not Installed] 12) libopencv-videostab-dev [Not Installed]
我接受了给出的解决方案，如果解决方案太具破坏性，你可以选择N （在我的情况下，它只是一些-dev包，我很可能不会再使用了，但你必须检查你的 ）。 然后我再次重新运行安装命令，一切都很好。