正确的安装虚拟依赖的方法
我正在创建基于Java的应用程序的.deb包（请参阅此超级用户问题 ）。 我现在使用以下依赖项信息：
Depends: java-runtime-headless (>= 1.6) Recommends: openjdk-7-jre-headless, ...
现在我正在尝试安装它：
$ sudo dpkg -i MYAPP.deb Selecting previously unselected package MYAPP. (Reading database ... 140874 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking MYAPP (from MYAPP.deb) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of MYAPP: MYAPP depends on java-runtime-headless (>= 1.6); however: Package java-runtime-headless is not installed. dpkg: error processing MYAPP (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ... Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ... Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index... Processing triggers for gnome-menus ... Errors were encountered while processing: MYAPP $
好的，我正在尝试安装依赖项：
$ sudo apt-get install java-runtime-headless Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Package java-runtime-headless is a virtual package provided by: openjdk-7-jre-headless 7u25-2.3.10-1ubuntu0.12.04.2 openjdk-6-jre-headless 6b27-1.12.6-1ubuntu0.12.04.2 gcj-jre-headless 4:4.6.3-1ubuntu5 gcj-4.6-jre-headless 4.6.3-1ubuntu2 default-jre-headless 1:1.6-43ubuntu2 You should explicitly select one to install. E: Package 'java-runtime-headless' has no installation candidate
好的，我选择了其中一个包：
$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre-headless Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these: The following packages have unmet dependencies: openjdk-7-jre-headless : Depends: openjdk-7-jre-lib (= 7u25-2.3.10-1ubuntu0.12.04.2) but it is not going to be installed Depends: ca-certificates-java but it is not going to be installed Depends: tzdata-java (>= 2012e-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) but it is not going to be installed Depends: java-common (>= 0.28) but it is not going to be installed Depends: libnss3-1d (>= 3.12.9+ckbi-1.82-0ubuntu4) but it is not going to be installed Recommends: icedtea-7-jre-jamvm (= 7u25-2.3.10-1ubuntu0.12.04.2) but it is not going to be installed MYAPP : Depends: java-runtime-headless (>= 1.6) Recommends: mercurial but it is not going to be installed E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
现在它只建议我删除我的应用程序：
$ sudo apt-get -f install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Correcting dependencies... Done The following packages will be REMOVED: MYAPP 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 3 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. After this operation, 41.0 MB disk space will be freed. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? n Abort. $
看起来我首先需要安装依赖项（ openjdk-7-jre-headless ）然后我的应用程序。 普通用户应该如何理解？ 或者有更好的方法来安装MYAPP.deb吗？
我会从你的“java-runtime-headless”依赖项中删除该版本。
虚拟软件包受到一些令人不安的限制，其中最重要的是缺少版本号。
http://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.package-meta-information.html
如果要指定一组真实包中的哪一个应该是默认值以满足虚拟包的特定依赖关系，则应该在虚拟包之前列出真实包作为替代方法。
http://sdn.vlsm.org/share/Debian-Doc/debian-policy/ch-relationships.html
那么，为什么你中止了sudo apt-get -f install的执行。 再次运行它，不要中止它。
运行这些命令后：
sudo apt-get clean sudo apt-get autoclean sudo dpkg --configure -a
然后又跑了：
sudo apt-get -f install
如果输出类似于：
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not upgraded
然后运行：
sudo apt-get -u dist-upgrade
请参阅添加PPA后如何解决未满足的依赖关系？ 了解更多。
现在使用以下命令安装java-runtime-headless ：
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre-headless
最后，安装您的应用程序：
sudo dpkg -i MYAPP.deb
正如NGRhodes建议我将依赖项更改为
Depends: openjdk-7-jre-headless | java-runtime-headless, ... Recommends: ...
现在我可以安装它
$ sudo dpkg -i MYAPP.deb
并使用安装缺少的依赖项
$ sudo apt-get -f install