Thinkpad W520上的外部监视器显示为12.04
我知道有很多关于这些问题的材料，但其中很多似乎已经过时了，似乎没有什么对我的情况有用：
- ThinkPad W520（Intel 3000和Nvidia 1000M芯片组）
- 操作系统：Ubuntu 12.04.3。
- BIOS显卡设置：
Optimus - BIOS OS Optimus自动检测：已
disabled
我使用下面的Bumblebee wiki来安装和设置Bumblebee： https ： //wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee#Installation
将显卡的BusID设置为“PCI：01：00.0”（参见下面的配置文件）后，我可以运行optirun firefox和optirun glxspheres64和glxspheres64等optirun glxspheres64测试。 所以，我相信Bumblebee安装一切都很好，除了我无法连接到我的外接显示器（通过VGA）。 关于如何做到这一点的任何想法？ 如Zachary Sunberg所描述的那样，W520将VGA（和DisplayPort）硬连线到Nvidia卡上：
http://zachstechnotes.blogspot.com/2012/04/post-title.html
因此，我认为这在尝试将VGA连接到外部显示器时会让事情变得有点棘手。 我相信我必须使用服务器/屏幕克隆，在我的尝试中描述如下：
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我尝试了以下post来配置外部显示器，
http://hillspcworld.com/forum/index.php?topic=2.0
但是在步骤7之后重新启动会导致操作系统完全崩溃（引导加载程序显示“无法写入字节：损坏的管道”后的黑屏）。 我相信这是由于xorg服务器以某种方式扰乱了我的系统。
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我在下面的教程中尝试了类似的方法，但是在安装xorg-dev之后重启期间我遇到了与（1）中相同的崩溃：
http://sagark.org/optimal-ubuntu-graphics-setup-for-thinkpads/
截至目前，我想知道从哪里开始。 我在下面有几个潜在客户，对问题是什么或我能做什么的任何想法？ 有更好的建议吗？ http://zachstechnotes.blogspot.com/2012/04/post-title.html
https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/issues/77
https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/issues/522
另外，这里有一些我的文件（如果有更好的配置，请告诉我 – 我所做的唯一更改是取消注释xorg.conf.nvidia文件中的“BusID PCI：01：00.0”：
lucas@lucas-ThinkPad-W520:~$ more /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" Option "AutoAddDevices" "false" Option "AutoAddGPU" "false" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "DiscreteNvidia" Driver "nvidia" VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation" # If the X server does not automatically detect your VGA device, # you can manually set it here. # To get the BusID prop, run `lspci | egrep 'VGA|3D'` and input the data # as you see in the commented example. # This Setting may be needed in some platforms with more than one # nvidia card, which may confuse the proprietary driver (eg, # trying to take ownership of the wrong device). Also needed on Ubuntu 13.04. BusID "PCI:01:00:0" # Setting ProbeAllGpus to false prevents the new proprietary driver # instance spawned to try to control the integrated graphics card, # which is already being managed outside bumblebee. # This option doesn't hurt and it is required on platforms running # more than one nvidia graphics card with the proprietary driver. # (Eg Macbook Pro pre-2010 with nVidia 9400M + 9600M GT). # If this option is not set, the new Xorg may blacken the screen and # render it unusable (unless you have some way to run killall Xorg). Option "ProbeAllGpus" "false" Option "NoLogo" "true" Option "UseEDID" "false" Option "UseDisplayDevice" "none"
Nouveau司机：
lucas@lucas-ThinkPad-W520:~$ more /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nouveau Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "Layout0" Option "AutoAddDevices" "false" Option "AutoAddGPU" "false" EndSection Section "Device" Identifier "DiscreteNvidia" Driver "nouveau" # If the X server does not automatically detect your VGA device, # you can manually set it here. # To get the BusID prop, run `lspci | egrep 'VGA|3D'` and input the data # as you see in the commented example. # This Setting is needed on Ubuntu 13.04. # BusID "PCI:01:00:0"
大黄蜂配置：
lucas@lucas-ThinkPad-W520:~$ more /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf # Configuration file for Bumblebee. Values should **not** be put between quotes ## Server options. Any change made in this section will need a server restart # to take effect. [bumblebeed] # The secondary Xorg server DISPLAY number VirtualDisplay=:8 # Should the unused Xorg server be kept running? Set this to true if waiting # for X to be ready is too long and don't need power management at all. KeepUnusedXServer=false # The name of the Bumbleblee server group name (GID name) ServerGroup=bumblebee # Card power state at exit. Set to false if the card shoud be ON when Bumblebee # server exits. TurnCardOffAtExit=false # The default behavior of '-f' option on optirun. If set to "true", '-f' will # be ignored. NoEcoModeOverride=false # The Driver used by Bumblebee server. If this value is not set (or empty), # auto-detection is performed. The available drivers are nvidia and nouveau # (See also the driver-specific sections below) Driver= # Directory with a dummy config file to pass as a -configdir to secondary X XorgConfDir=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.d ## Client options. Will take effect on the next optirun executed. [optirun] # Acceleration/ rendering bridge, possible values are auto, virtualgl and # primus. Bridge=auto # The method used for VirtualGL to transport frames between X servers. # Possible values are proxy, jpeg, rgb, xv and yuv. VGLTransport=proxy # List of paths which are searched for the primus libGL.so.1 when using # the primus bridge PrimusLibraryPath=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/primus:/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/primu s # Should the program run under optirun even if Bumblebee server or nvidia card # is not available? AllowFallbackToIGC=false # Driver-specific settings are grouped under [driver-NAME]. The sections are # parsed if the Driver setting in [bumblebeed] is set to NAME (or if auto- # detection resolves to NAME). # PMMethod: method to use for saving power by disabling the nvidia card, valid # values are: auto - automatically detect which PM method to use # bbswitch - new in BB 3, recommended if available # switcheroo - vga_switcheroo method, use at your own risk # none - disable PM completely # https://github.com/Bumblebee-Project/Bumblebee/wiki/Comparison-of-PM-methods ## Section with nvidia driver specific options, only parsed if Driver=nvidia [driver-nvidia] # Module name to load, defaults to Driver if empty or unset KernelDriver=nvidia-current PMMethod=auto # colon-separated path to the nvidia libraries LibraryPath=/usr/lib/nvidia-current:/usr/lib32/nvidia-current # comma-separated path of the directory containing nvidia_drv.so and the # default Xorg modules path XorgModulePath=/usr/lib/nvidia-current/xorg,/usr/lib/xorg/modules XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia ## Section with nouveau driver specific options, only parsed if Driver=nouveau [driver-nouveau] KernelDriver=nouveau PMMethod=auto XorgConfFile=/etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nouveau
谢谢。
首先，我停止尝试使用12.04.3或12.04.4 LTS并使用13.10代替。 我相信LTS版本几乎无法跟上不断变化的图形情况 – 我学到了很多困难。
以下是我采取的一般步骤：
1) Install latest intel drivers, hope that intel-virtual-output, which is the integrated version of screenclone. If it's not packaged, compile that stuff from source. 2) In your xorg.conf.nvidia ensure the option preventing external screens is disabled. 3) Xrandr as usual :)
这个资源很有帮助：
我还为Ubuntu 14.04创建了一个关于此问题的博文：
http://blog.lukeswart.net/wordpress/
后者在从源代码编译驱动程序时也应该有帮助初学者的信息。
PS：作为一名Linux新手，这个过程非常耗时，我只希望这篇文章可以帮助某些人。 在运行Optimus的笔记本电脑上设置一个外接显示器，其显示端口与Nvidia芯片硬接线，对于新的Linux用户来说是一个非常令人沮丧的过程。
作为需要使用Linux进行工作的用户，保护专有Optimus驱动程序的整个情况给整个技术社区带来了尴尬。