如何在Ubuntu中使用Python3.3创建virtualenv？

我正在运行Precise Pangolin amd64。我从ppa安装了Python 3.3：fkrull / deadsnakes。

现在我想在virtualenv中实际使用这个新的Python版本。但我怎么能这样做？我收到以下错误：

$ virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3 Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.3 The --no-site-packages flag is deprecated; it is now the default behavior. New python executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 Also creating executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/site.py", line 73, in  __boot() File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/site.py", line 2, in __boot import sys, imp, os, os.path ImportError: No module named 'imp' ERROR: The executable /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 is not functioning ERROR: It thinks sys.prefix is '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs' (should be '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3') ERROR: virtualenv is not compatible with this system or executable

相反，我明确使用python3.3来调用virtualenv，我得到这个错误：

 $ python3.3 /usr/bin/virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/bin/virtualenv", line 2, in  import virtualenv ImportError: No module named 'virtualenv'

我被卡住了。任何帮助是极大的赞赏！

编辑：按照@thefourtheye的建议，我清除了我的本地site-packages目录（实际上只删除了site.py ）。现在我更进一步，但virtualenv抱怨缺少easy_install ：

  Error [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/easy_install' while executing command /home2/USERNAME/.virt...rk3/bin/easy_install /usr/share/python-virtualenv/pip-1.1.tar.gz

我确实安装了python3-setuptools软件包，它安装了python3-setuptools的Py3版本。

EDIT2：

这是详细的输出，没有显式传递--distribute和--no-site-packages ，因为这两个开关是我的virtualenv的默认行为：

 $ virtualenv --verbose -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3 Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.3 Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3 Symlinking Python bootstrap modules Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/config-3.3m Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/lib-dynload Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/os.py Ignoring built-in bootstrap module: posix Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/posixpath.py Cannot import bootstrap module: nt Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/ntpath.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/genericpath.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/fnmatch.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/locale.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/encodings Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/codecs.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/stat.py Cannot import bootstrap module: UserDict Cannot import bootstrap module: copy_reg Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/types.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/re.py Cannot import bootstrap module: sre Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/sre_parse.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/sre_constants.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/sre_compile.py Ignoring built-in bootstrap module: zlib Cannot import bootstrap module: _abcoll Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/warnings.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/linecache.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/abc.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/io.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/_weakrefset.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/copyreg.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/tempfile.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/random.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/__future__.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/collections Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/keyword.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/tarfile.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/shutil.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/struct.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/copy.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/base64.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/bisect.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/_dummy_thread.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/hashlib.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/heapq.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/hmac.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/reprlib.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/rlcompleter.py Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/weakref.py Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/site-packages Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/site.py Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/orig-prefix.txt Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/no-global-site-packages.txt Creating parent directories for /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/include Symlinking /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/include/python3.3m Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin New python executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 Changed mode of /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 to 0o755 Also creating executable in /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python Changed mode of /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python to 0o755 Testing executable with /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/python3.3 -c " import sys prefix = sys.prefix if sys.version_info[0] == 3: prefix = prefix.encode('utf8') if hasattr(sys.stdout, 'detach'): sys.stdout = sys.stdout.detach() elif hasattr(sys.stdout, 'buffer'): sys.stdout = sys.stdout.buffer sys.stdout.write(prefix) " Got sys.prefix result: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3' Creating /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/distutils Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/distutils/__init__.py Writing /home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/lib/python3.3/distutils/distutils.cfg Using existing distribute egg: /usr/share/python-virtualenv/distribute-0.6.24.tar.gz Installing distribute..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................done. Installing existing pip-1.1.tar.gz distribution: /usr/share/python-virtualenv/pip-1.1.tar.gz Installing pip... Error [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/easy_install' while executing command /home2/USERNAME/.virt...rk3/bin/easy_install /usr/share/python-virtualenv/pip-1.1.tar.gz ...Installing pip...done. Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 2283, in  main() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 938, in main never_download=options.never_download) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 1054, in create_environment install_pip(py_executable, search_dirs=search_dirs, never_download=never_download) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 643, in install_pip filter_stdout=_filter_setup) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/virtualenv.py", line 976, in call_subprocess cwd=cwd, env=env) File "/usr/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 818, in __init__ restore_signals, start_new_session) File "/usr/lib/python3.3/subprocess.py", line 1416, in _execute_child raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg) FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home2/USERNAME/.virtualenvs/pywork3/bin/easy_install'

备份站点包。

cp -r /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ /tmp/site-packages
截断该目录

rm -rf /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/
现在尝试一样

virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3
无需安装即可安装

virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3 --no-pip

编辑：看起来virtualenv（1.7.1.2）和python3.3的版本不兼容。所以，请试试这个

使用sudo apt-get remove python-virtualenv
wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py; sudo python ez_setup.py wget http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py; sudo python ez_setup.py这将安装最新的easy_install。
sudo easy_install pip
sudo pip install virtualenv
virtualenv --no-site-packages --distribute -p /usr/bin/python3.3 ~/.virtualenvs/pywork3

Python 3.3内置了venv。

http://docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html#module-venv

简单地跑

 pyvenv-3.3 /path/to/environment

然后激活它

 source /path/to/environment/bin/activate

这个内置版本的virtualenv比您可能习惯的更灵活。例如，您可以扩展EnvBuilder以执行任何您想要的操作。您可以从下面的链接复制EnvBuilder的示例实现并使用它： http ：//docs.python.org/3/library/venv.html#an-example-of-extending-envbuilder

上面的脚本可能会完成我们期望从virtualenv中获得的大部分内容。所以如果你只需要一个带easy_install和pip的virtualenv，那么你应该很高兴。

如果您仍然感到困惑，请参阅下面的@MarkOfSine编辑，以了解如何开始运行。

要添加到上面，并按照文档：
例如，执行后： pyvenv-3.3 /path/to/my_project/venv
您可以运行distribute_setup.py ，它似乎可以执行各种操作，但实际上您最终会在./my_project/venv/bin目录中使用easy_install 。
然后，这可以用于安装pip等。

它没有说你应该从哪里获得distribute_setup.py ，所以我从以下url下载：

 http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py

并使用激活的环境：

 cd /path/to/my_project source venv/bin/activate

跑了：

 python distribute_setup.py

和

 easy_install pip

然后使用python 2.x上的virtualenv完成了虚拟环境的设置

它比看起来容易：

 virtualenv -p /usr/bin/python3 yourenv source yourenv/bin/activate pip install package-name

真的有效:)

你这样做太复杂了。如果它包含在python3 ，只需创建它：

 python3 -m venv

如果您愿意，甚至可以创建别名

 alias virtualenv3='python3 -m venv'

根据计算机的不同，您可能需要指定解释器：

 alias virtualenv3='python3 -m venv -p python3'

对我有用的步骤：在MAC OSX 10.9.5上

手动下载并安装Python-3.4.3 。

 P3PATH=/Users/$USER/Python3 mkdir -p $P3PATH cd $P3PATH tar -zxvf Python-3.4.3.tgz ./configure --prefix=$P3PATH/Python-3.4.3 make; make install

创建一个virtualenv。

 $P3PATH/Python-3.4.3/bin/pyvenv py3env source py3env/bin/activate

注意：
virtualenv -p py3env不起作用：

 Error due to zlib

 On Ubuntu 14.04 sudo apt-get install python3-pip sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenv-3.4 --no-site-packages venv

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