可以从主目录的备份中排除哪些文件和目录？
Duplicity确实可以很好地进行高效备份，但我仍然希望最大限度地减少备份文件的数量。
主目录中可以排除哪些文件或目录？ 请明确命名，允许使用通配符，路径相对于主目录。
如果丢失，大多数这些文件和目录都会重新创建。 它们主要用于降低应用程序的启动时间（Firefox扩展缓存），指示锁（ .gksu.lock ）或包含特定于会话的信息（例如dbus会话的ID）。 最近的文档经常更改，通常不太适合备份。
可以排除这些目录：
.gvfs # contains mounted file systems? .local/share/gvfs-metadata .Private # contains the actual encrypted home directory .dbus # session-specific .cache .Trash # do I need to say more? .local/share/Trash .cddb # cached info about audio CDs .aptitude # cached packages lists
Flash的具体：
.adobe # Cache for flash, maybe others? .macromedia # except for Flash persistence, there is no reason to keep this
文件：
.xsession-errors # contains errors from the current graphical session .recently-used # recently used files .recently-used.xbel .thumbnails .Xauthority # session-specific .ICEauthority .gksu.lock .pulse # directory .pulse-cookie .esd_auth
KDE具体：
.kde/share/apps/RecentDocuments # Recent documents on KDE .kde/share/apps/klipper # Contains a history of the Klipper clipboard (KDE) .kde/share/apps/okular/docdata # you will loose saved scrolling positions of PDFs .kde/share/apps/gwenview/recentfolders .kde/share/apps/kmess/displaypics # cached other users' profile pics .kde/share/apps/kmess/customemoticons # cached emoticons of others
特定于Firefox（另请参见Profile文件夹 ）：
.mozilla/firefox/*/Cache .mozilla/firefox/*/minidumps # in case Fx crashes dumps will be stored in this .mozilla/firefox/*/.parentlock # session-specific .mozilla/firefox/*/urlclassifier3.sqlite # phishing database, recreated .mozilla/firefox/*/blocklist.xml # blacklisted extensions .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite # extension database, recreated on startup .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite-journal .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.rdf .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.ini .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.cache .mozilla/firefox/*/XUL.mfasl # cached UI data, recreated .mozilla/firefox/*/XPC.mfasl .mozilla/firefox/*/xpti.dat .mozilla/firefox/*/compreg.dat
Opera特有的（Superuser.com上的相关问题： Opera配置文件夹中的文件和目录是否可用文档？ ）：
.opera/temporary_downloads .opera/cache .opera/thumbnails .opera/opcache .opera/icons .opera/application_cache .opera/widgets/*/cache .opera/lock
科莫多编辑 ：
.komodoedit/*/codeintel/db .komodoedit/*/host-*/*/codeintel .komodoedit/*/XRE/Cache .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/Crash Reports .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/Cache .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/minidump .komodoedit/*/XRE/.parentlock .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.rdf .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.ini .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.cache .komodoedit/*/XRE/XPC.mfasl .komodoedit/*/XRE/XUL.mfasl .komodoedit/*/XRE/xpti.dat .komodoedit/*/XRE/pluginreg.dat .komodoedit/*/XRE/compreg.dat .komodoedit/*/XRE/*.sqlite-journal .komodoedit/*/pystdout.log .komodoedit/*/pystderr.log .komodoedit/*/history.sqlite.bak .komodoedit/*/running.lock .komodoedit/*/mutex.lock .komodoedit/*/*.xmlc .komodoedit/*/startup-env.tmp .komoeoedit/*/commandments.fifo .komoeoedit/*/history.sqlite
GnuPG的：
.gnupg/rnd .gnupg/random_seed .gnupg/.#* .gnupg/*.lock .gnupg/gpg-agent-info-*
谷歌浏览器：
.config/google-chrome/Default/Local Storage .config/google-chrome/Default/Session Storage .config/google-chrome/Default/Application Cache .config/google-chrome/Default/History Index *
其他应用：
.pulse/icons # Pidgin .java/deployment/cache # Cached applets .icedteaplugin .icedtea .gnome2/epiphany/favicon_cache .dropbox # to avoid problems, let Dropbox re-create these .dropbox-dist
好问题。 我喜欢这些 – 我们可以收集社区输入/列表和樱桃选择相关的东西。 这是我的.exclude文件。 我将此文件作为多个脚本中的--exclude-file=参数提供给rsync （您也可以使用duplicity ）。 请注意，问题意味着“您想要/需要保存什么”。 例如，我备份了我的完整.mozilla DIR，因为它包含多个配置文件和调整，并且更容易将其作为一个整体转储回磁盘。 我的配置也暗示：我做了很多“从头开始安装”进行测试。 所以我有一个已知良好基于清洁的安装的clonezilla映像，并且我在磁盘上添加了存储在USB上的个人（/ home）数据; 有时是选择性的，有时是整体的。
# Filename: admin/dotfiles/exclude # Create Date: 20110307-23:36HRS # ln -s admin/dotfiles/exclude ~/.exclude .cache .adobe .aptitude .compiz # no settings here; processes .dbus .dropbox # don't try to restore and reinitialize either of .dropbox-dist # these DIRs; very messy results can happen .elegant-gnome-backup .fontconfig .gnome2_private # MT; at least on my system .pulse* .gconfd .gvfs .macromedia .local/share/Trash/ .thumbnails Downloads/ Dropbox/ # recreated on re-initialization Public/ Music/ Templates/ # stored on U1 Ubuntu One/ # recreated on re-initialization wdir/iso/ wdir/backups/
我在https://github.com/rubo77/rsync-homedir-excludes创建了一个忽略列表
你可以使用Duplicity或rsync，如：
rsync -aP --exclude-from=rsync-homedir-excludes.txt /home/$USER/ /media/$USER/linuxbackup/home/$USER/
这是正式更新的，目前我们有这个：
################################################ # These directories may definitely be excluded # ################################################ # Contains mounted file systems: .gvfs .local/share/gvfs-metadata # contains the actual encrypted home directory /.Private # Session-specific: /.dbus /.cache /.Trash .Trash-1* .local/share/Trash /Trash # Cached info about audio CDs: .cddb # Cached packages lists: .aptitude # Node Package Manager cache .npm #Flash-specific: # Cache for flash, maybe others? .adobe # except for Flash persistence, there is no reason to keep this .macromedia #Files: # Contains errors from the current graphical session .xsession-errors .wayland-errors # Recently used files .local/share/RecentDocuments .recently-used .recently-used.xbel .thumbnails .thumb Thumbs.db .DS_Store .localised .bash_history .CFUserTextEncoding # Common Unix Printing System /.cups # run-time configuration information for Subversion /.subversion # Python virtual environments /.virtualenvs # Session-specific .Xauthority .ICEauthority .gksu.lock .pulse .pulse-cookie .esd_auth #KDE specific: # Recent documents on KDE .kde/share/apps/RecentDocuments .kde4/share/apps/RecentDocuments # Contains a history of the Klipper clipboard (KDE) .kde/share/apps/klipper .kde4/share/apps/klipper # You will loose saved scrolling positions of PDFs .kde/share/apps/okular/docdata .kde/share/apps/gwenview/recentfolders .kde4/share/apps/okular/docdata .kde4/share/apps/gwenview/recentfolders # Cached other users' profile pics .kde/share/apps/kmess/displaypics .kde4/share/apps/kmess/displaypics # Cached emoticons of others .kde/share/apps/kmess/customemoticons .kde4/share/apps/kmess/customemoticons #Firefox-specific (see also Profile folder): .mozilla/firefox/*/Cache # in case Fx crashes dumps will be stored in this .mozilla/firefox/*/minidumps # session-specific .mozilla/firefox/*/.parentlock # phishing database, recreated .mozilla/firefox/*/urlclassifier3.sqlite # blacklisted extensions .mozilla/firefox/*/blocklist.xml # extension database, recreated on startup .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite-journal .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.rdf .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.ini .mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.cache # cached UI data, recreated .mozilla/firefox/*/XUL.mfasl .mozilla/firefox/*/XPC.mfasl .mozilla/firefox/*/xpti.dat .mozilla/firefox/*/compreg.dat # cached plugin data, recreated .mozilla/firefox/*/pluginreg.dat #SeaMonkey-specific (see also Profile folder): .mozilla/seamonkey/*/Cache # in case Fx crashes dumps will be stored in this .mozilla/seamonkey/*/minidumps # session-specific .mozilla/seamonkey/*/.parentlock # blacklisted extensions .mozilla/seamonkey/*/blocklist.xml # extension database, recreated on startup .mozilla/seamonkey/*/extensions.sqlite .mozilla/seamonkey/*/extensions.rdf .mozilla/seamonkey/*/extensions.ini # cached UI data, recreated .mozilla/seamonkey/*/xpti.dat .mozilla/seamonkey/*/compreg.dat # cached plugin data, recreated .mozilla/seamonkey/*/pluginreg.dat # Thunderbird Cache in your profile folder .thunderbird/*/Cache #Opera-specific (related question on Superuser.com: Is documentation available on files and directories in the Opera profile folder?): .opera/temporary_downloads .opera/cache .opera/thumbnails .opera/opcache .opera/icons .opera/application_cache .opera/widgets/*/cache .opera/lock # Keychain dir (manage SSH and GPG keys, front-end to ssh-agent and ssh-add) /.keychain #Komodo Edit: .komodoedit/*/codeintel/db .komodoedit/*/host-*/*/codeintel .komodoedit/*/XRE/Cache .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/Crash Reports .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/Cache .komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/minidump .komodoedit/*/XRE/.parentlock .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.rdf .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.ini .komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.cache .komodoedit/*/XRE/XPC.mfasl .komodoedit/*/XRE/XUL.mfasl .komodoedit/*/XRE/xpti.dat .komodoedit/*/XRE/pluginreg.dat .komodoedit/*/XRE/compreg.dat .komodoedit/*/XRE/*.sqlite-journal .komodoedit/*/pystdout.log .komodoedit/*/pystderr.log .komodoedit/*/history.sqlite.bak .komodoedit/*/running.lock .komodoedit/*/mutex.lock .komodoedit/*/*.xmlc .komodoedit/*/startup-env.tmp .komoeoedit/*/commandments.fifo .komoeoedit/*/history.sqlite #GnuPG: .gnupg/rnd .gnupg/random_seed .gnupg/.#* .gnupg/*.lock .gnupg/gpg-agent-info-* #Google Chrome: .config/google-chrome/Default/Local Storage .config/google-chrome/Default/Session Storage .config/google-chrome/Default/Application Cache .config/google-chrome/Default/History Index * #Chromium: .config/chromium/Default/Local Storage .config/chromium/Default/Session Storage .config/chromium/Default/Application Cache .config/chromium/Default/History Index * #Local repositories (added by errantlinguist on 2015-04-13): .gradle/caches /.m2/repository #indexer .local/share/baloo .local/share/zeitgeist .local/share/akonadi #Other apps: # Pidgin .pulse/icons # Cached applets .guayadeque/cache.db .java/deployment/cache .icedteaplugin .icedtea .gnome2/epiphany/favicon_cache # other temporary files nohup.out ############################################### # directories, probably not worth a backup # # (uncomment the files you don't need) # ############################################### #.android #.AndroidStudio*/ #Android/Sdk #.gradle #.gvm #.grails/ #.grails_history #.kde/share/apps/nepomuk #.local/share/notbit #.local/libvirt #.vagrant #.vagrant.d #.wine #.twister #/twister #Applications/eclipse* #/Downloads #*Popcorntime* #/Scribus #/VirtualBox* # ## Add Game Folders here: # #/games #.local/share/Steam #.steam #Steam #.minecraft #.PlayOnLinux
我最近一直在考虑做这类事情，我注意到我的主目录中的许多我不想备份的文件似乎没有设置组权限。 如果在其他系统上也是如此，则可能会获得可能的嫌疑人名单：
find ~ -not -perm -g+r
（虽然检查输出，因为虽然我看起来大部分都很好，但我的电子邮件收件箱也出现在列表中，我不知道它对其他人有多好用。）
这对我来说特别有吸引力，因为我的主目录是加密的（包括文件名），因此手动排除列表将是PITA，而我应该能够使用组权限自动生成排除列表。
（我知道线程已经老了，但我认为这可能对某人有用。）